The Westboro Baptist Church And Its Members Example

The Westboro Baptist Church And Its Members Example The Westboro Baptist Church And Its Members †Article Example Bharti Airtel Limited Organizational structure Headquartered in New Delhi, India and by and by stretching out in more than 20 s all inclusive, Bharti Airtel Limited accept a Matrix type of hierarchical structure (Airtel, 2014). This incorporates joining of both divisional and utilitarian structures with the end goal that it shows up as a lattice empowering order to stream vertically just as on a level plane. Nonetheless, because of current unusualness of worldwide economy just as hardened rivalry presented by comparable players in media communications field, this firm’s strategy creators have throughout the years since its origin continued changing until to the current state. This is clear both in 2011 and 2013 whereby it balanced its structure to guarantee satisfactory and brisk development of its shopper business (Airtel, 2014). Likewise, it was a procedure to sidestep extreme and ominous rivalry all the more so in regions, which Bharti Airtel has overwhelmed like S. Asia an d India. This likewise was to help in contriving ways on the most proficient method to enter other overwhelmed provincial markets by their rivals, for example, in Kenya where Safaricom to date nearly hoards the whole market (Airtel, 2014). Nearly in all offices involving the whole structure, the heads are chiefs represent considerable authority in a specific given activity. At that point these chiefs or CEOs other than the principle one there are comparative experts working under them having comparable experience and aptitudes intended to execute their center and particular capacities. This is clear as appeared in diagram underneath. In the mission to advance its development plan, Bharti Airtel as of late for example on 5Th February 2014 thought of a progressively decentralized methodology that addressed its hierarchical structure. This was to guarantee Airtel across Africa will be in a situation to stay aware of hardened rivalry by placing all the working states into four bunched S trategic Business Units (SBUs) (Airtel, 2014). These were to answer to the MD just as CEO as from first April 2014. For example, one of this grouped Strategic Business Units (SBUs) incorporate that of Zambia, Congo B, Malawi, Burkina, Niger, Chad, Madagascar just as Seychelles spoke to by Mr. VG Somasekha (Airtel, 2014). According to late investigations dated first quarter of 2013, Airtel works in 17 African states having a demographic pool of 63.7 million clients. References(2014). â€Å"Bharti airtel constrained †Organization structure (India and South Asia).† Airtel. Recovered from

“Growing Old” †a Poem by Matthew Arnold Essay

What is it to develop old? Is it to lose the magnificence of the structure, The radiance of the eye? Is it for excellence to forego her wreath? Truly, however not for this by itself. Is it to feel our quality Not our sprout just, however our quality rot? Is it to feel every appendage Become stiffer, each capacity less definite, Each nerve all the more pitifully hung? Truly, this, and the sky is the limit from there! be that as it may, not, Ok, ’tis not what in youth we imagined ‘twould be! ‘Tis not to have our life Mellowed and mollified similarly as with nightfall gleam, A brilliant day’s decrease! ‘Tis not to see the world As from a stature, with riveted prophetic eyes, What's more, heart significantly mixed; What's more, sob, and feel the fulness of the past, The years that are no more! It is to spend long days Furthermore, not once feel that we were ever youthful. It is to include, immured In the hot jail of the present, month To month with exhausted agony. It is to endure this, Furthermore, feel yet half, and weakly, what we feel: Somewhere down in our concealed heart Putrefies the dull recognition of a change, Yet, no feeling none. It is last phase of all At the point when we are solidified up inside, and very The ghost of ourselves, To hear the world cheer the empty phantom Which accused the living man. Harneet Banga At the point when we are more youthful we frequently envision how extraordinary it is be more seasoned. In any case, when we are more seasoned, we can no longer appreciate life the manner in which we used to, because of our physical body. In this manner the sonnet â€Å"Growing Old† by Matthew Arnold, essentially deciphers, that we ought to appreciate the here and now we are given in life as opposed to anticipating a period we think we’ll appreciate. Matthew Arnold has portrayed the older individuals and the importance of the sonnet, directly through the sonnet, with the assistance of beautiful gadgets. The particular thought of symbolism of this sonnet has all the earmarks of being connected straightforwardly to the entry on mature age individuals. For instance, â€Å"Grow stiffer, each capacity less exact,† this statement expresses that once you’re more established, the body of a mature age individual gets stiffer, and they work less accurate, this state ments states symbolism since they portray how an old individual feels and how their cerebrum capacities too. In every refrain, Arnold has responded to the inquiry he presented in the principal verse which is, â€Å"What is it to develop old?† in every verse that question is replied. Since the topic of this sonnet is about Old individuals, there are numerous images in this sonnet depict the topic of the sonnet, and we could utilize this graceful gadget which is imagery. The words, for example, â€Å"old, wreath, last stage, stiffer, quality rot, etc† are words in the sonnet that represents developing old, fundamentally representing the importance of the sonnet. Metaphor is the point at which you look at two things, and Arnold has utilized this gadget to disclose how it feels to be old, â€Å"As from a tallness, with riveted prophetic eyes,† the words utilized in this model, have no basic enthusiasm with each other, however it despite everything exhibits the importance of the sonnet. Harneet Banga A word reference meaning of the word old will presumably has something to do with develop and matured individuals, however the connation to depict the word old in the sonnet are, â€Å"Is it to lose the wonder of the form,† or â€Å"The shine of the eye† this is the connation rendition of portraying the significance of the sonnet, which are elderly folks individuals. This phenomenal sonnet is missing one thing which would most likely make this sonnet sound much better, which is the rhyming of the sonnet, it generally lets individuals get into the sonnet, however lamentably this wasn’t utilized in the sonnet. Since this sonnet doesn’t have a rhyme plot, the meter of this sonnet is unpredictable; it doesn’t follow the â€Å"da Dum da Dum da Dum da Dum† style, it has thought of another unique and one of a kind style for the perusers to make sense of the significance of the sonnet. Similar sounding word usage wasn’t basic in this sonnet, l et’s state it was not really utilized; similar sounding word usage is having a similar letter in one line couple of times, â€Å"And feel however half, and weakly, what we feel:† Arnold utilizes this line in a similar sounding word usage approach to depict how mature age individuals feel, they essentially feel in an amazingly pitiably way. There are considerably more beautiful gadgets utilized in this sonnet, sound similarity greatly affects the sonnets meaning. Sound similarity is a reiteration of the sound of vowel all through the verse, and in the sonnet they have rehashed a vowel all through a line in a refrain. For instance, â€Å"Not our blossom just, however our quality decay?† the vowel â€Å"O† is utilized all through this line of the sonnet, making sound similarity and a significance to the sonnet. The word old is being rehashed continually all through the sonnet, Arnold doesn’t state old in each refrain, yet he uses comparable words to depict old, and answers the inquiry which he posed in the start of the sonnet, which is â€Å"What is it to develop old?† Matthew Arnold has portrayed the significance of the sonnet through all these wonderful gadgets, for instance the symbolism is utilized in the sonnet to give us a picture of an old individual and how they feel. All these beautifu l gadgets have added to the sonnet in an amazingly well way, and with these wonderful gadgets, the importance of the sonnet became more clear.

Welcome, Dads!

Welcome, Dads! Theres nothing quite like Dads Weekend at the University of Illinois. Family from near and far gather on campus in celebration for Illini football, great food, and a lifetime of memories. Here are a few of my personal favorite activities for Dads Weekend! Illini football (of course!) Win or lose, Illini fans love their football! Attending the Illini football game is a great way to get some fresh air while bonding with your dad. Bundle up, because it can get chilly in the bleachers! Luckily, snacks and hot chocolate are available for purchase. After all, you know what they sayI-L-L! Brunch at the Illini Union Brunch at the Union is an affordable and easy way to get a brunch reservation for Dads Weekend! Reservations can be made in advance, and the cost is just $20. Attending the Union brunch is a great way to meet new people and spend quality time with the family. Escape Rooms Ive gone to quite a few escape rooms in the Champaign area, and let me tell you, they are a blast! Last year, facing a day of cold weather and rain, my family decided to do an escape room at Adventures in Time and Space. Not only was playing an escape room a great way to pass the day, it also was a great experience to make memories with my family. I highly recommend giving an escape room a try! Papa Dels Pizza Ordering takeout from Papa Dels has been a longstanding tradition for my family during Dads Weekend. Being from Chicago, its no easy feat to find great deep dish pizza in Champaignâ€"Papa Dels truly delivers on excellent deep dish. My familys personal favorite is a large deep dish with spinach, onions, and green peppers. If youre hoping for a night in, Papa Dels delivers, too! Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

Fast Food Is An Online Kitchen - 1087 Words

1 Executive Summary Beyond Fast Food is an online kitchen that allows customers to make their own ingredients choices and cooking style online that is submitted to a physical location for preparation and fast pickup. It allows busy families to make healthy, fresh, customizable, and affordable meal choices right on the go for their families and reduce their overdependence on Fast-food commonly known as junk food. Our foundation is based on providing fast but healthy meals for busy families. Healthy eating has become a serious concern in the U.S. People are busy trying to juggle life, work and family, while attempting to make convenient, affordable, and healthy meal choices. To overcome the challenges busy families face, Beyond Fast Food†¦show more content†¦People can even schedule a week long family meal plan giving them more peace of mind. Our targeted first location: Our first location will be in Flagstaff, Arizona, with plan to expand nationally as we grow. Our decision to locate in Flagstaff, Arizona is based upon the favorable business environment for the restaurant industry in that location. From a report made by flagstaff.com, people and restaurant owner in Flagstaff have become more conscious about healthy eating and tend to favor fresh local ingredients. Target Customers: We will target busy working individuals and families, health conscious people, and elderly, with moderate to high income. We are unique: Presently, we are the only restaurant offering this unique combination of, healthy, technology-driven, and customizable, to consumers no matter what their concern for healthy and fresh food is. On top of that, our meals are affordable, ranging in the $5-$10 range. The price is simply unbeatable for the quality of our food and the convenience of our service. There is only about $2 difference from what the regular fast food restaurants are charging and this price difference can be justified by our healthier customizable food items along with our faster service. Growth potential: Despite Fast Food, being unhealthy, the Fast food industry has the largest market share in the restaurant industry. The eating out industry is expected to grow to $782.7 billion in 2016, from $586.6 in 2010. Our business concept

The Auditor s Responsibility For Detecting Fraud

The main issue in this case is that in the standard audit reports that go with the financial statements, â€Å"the auditor’s responsibility for detecting fraud is not discussed (Mancino, 1997)†. This is occurring because â€Å"auditors do not examine every transaction that happens or event and that would mean there is no guarantee that all material misstatements, whether caused by error or fraud could be detected (Mancino, 1997)†. There should be a spot on the audit report that states the auditor’s roles and their limitation into finding fraud. â€Å"There also seems to be some issues between the rules of the PCAOB has and the language that auditors use in their reports do not match (Holl, 2005)†. They should add a phrase to their audit reports that says it was either caused by error or fraud and to take accountability of knowing fraud had happen since it is the auditor’s job to show that the financial statements are free of material missta tements. Another reason this is occurring is the fact it is pretty much a pass or fail type of report it is not very detailed. The recommendation I would have for handling these issues are getting languages to match what the auditors do and what the investors want to see when they’re reading the auditor’s report. We also need to bring back that the auditor’s reports and include the term â€Å"certify† as if they were to guarantee that they have reviewed the financial statements with an external stamp of approval. â€Å"This leaves it in the auditor’s hands andShow MoreRelatedEssay On Auditing1647 Words   |  7 Pagesfulfilled by auditors which is yet to be comprehensively determined and agreed upon by industry leaders, regulators and governments however according PCAOB Chairman  « detecting fraud is the responsibility of external auditors and that with few exceptions they should find it  »(CFO.com 2004). In deed the responsibility of auditors is being argued nowadays, being recognized as a source of certainty and transparency, an auditor portrays the role of preventer, detector and reporter of fraud and wrongfulRead MoreInternal Controls And The Audit Process1708 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the audit of the financial statements we will be assessing the internal controls in use as mandated by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The act was designed to enhance corporate responsibility as it relates to financial reporting issues. Section 404 covers the internal controls that have been setup by the company. Internal controls are designed to protect the assets of a business from misuse or loss. Internal controls also help the business to streamline processes so that goals can be achievedRead MoreWhat Management and Auditors Can Do to Help Prevent Fraud, Errors and Illegal Acts1157 Words   |  5 PagesJeff Sacks-Wilner Term Paper What Management and Auditors can do to Help Prevent Fraud, Errors and Illegal Acts Fraudulent, erroneous, and illegal acts committed by a public company, usually at a managerial or executive level, have been a very serious problem for many years and have prompted development of strict and updated regulations, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, in an attempt to prevent these occurrences. Unfortunately, these new or updated regulations are not enough to prevent theseRead MoreThe Degree Of Auditor Responsibility For The Detection Of Fraud1790 Words   |  8 PagesThe degree of auditor responsibility for the detection of fraud has been re-defined repeatedly over the history of audit and is still generating considerable discussion in recent years, at the hand of financial crisis and a number of huge scandals, such as Enron – WolrdCom – Parmalat – Satyam Computer Services, which caused auditing to become headline news, and therefore widened the expectations gap between the audit firms and the public, and raised further questions about the audit value t o societyRead MoreClarified Statements On Auditing Standards1705 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstand and apply. It also converged the standards with the International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). The Auditing Standards Board started the project in 2004 after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was implemented. There was a need for clear standards for auditors after the events that brought the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Also the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board began working on clarifying the international auditing standards in 2003 and they went into effect in 2009. The purpose of the ClarityRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Susan Faces1500 Words   |  6 PagesAU 316.12, the auditor has a responsibility to plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. However, absolute assurance is not attainable and thus even a properly planned and performed audit may not detect a material misstatement resulting from fraud †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Furthermore, audit procedures that are effective for detecting an error may be ineffective for detecting fraud. b) AccordingRead MoreAudit Analysis : Audit And Audit1188 Words   |  5 Pageswrong check fraud; With the expansion of enterprise scale and complex business activities, audit sampling appears that, according to accounting statements balance and accounting data sample extraction section, and then inferring the overall result of the review. This approach will be inevitably sweeping; recently, there was not only reveals the compliance of accounting standards and disclosure errors and fraud dual audit mode, which means gradually expanding the scope of responsibility of the auditRead MoreCase Analysis : The Fraud1004 Words   |  5 PagesThe fraud was carefully carried out over several years by individuals at several organizational layers, including the president, CFO, COO, vice president of marketing, director of accounting, controller, and a host of others. Although the fraud itself did not indicate that the audits had failed, the investors and creditors held that Coopers failed to follow GAAS throughout their audit. Consequently, these plaintiffs felt the auditors were responsible for the losses. The five-month trial concludedRead MoreA Brief Note On District Health Board : Scandals Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasingly high expectation that auditors are accountable for detecting all frauds, while the standards require auditors to provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance. The purpose of the report is to discuss the accountability of auditors in detecting fraud by analysing a $16.9 million fraud of Otago District Health Board (ODHB) perpetrated by Swann and Harford from 2000 to 2006. The report will explain the event, the fraud, the stakeholders, the role of auditors and the current situation. AboutRead MoreSubsequent Events At The End Of The Accounting Period1574 Words   |  7 Pagesavailable to be issued(FASB, 2009). Auditors must evaluate subsequent events at the end of the accounting period and discuss material items with the auditing team. There are two types of subsequent events, recognized and non-recognized(FASB, 2008). Recognized subsequent events are those that provide additional evidence about the conditions that existed on the balance sheet date. This type includes events occurring up to the date of the auditor s report. In it s simplest form, recognized subsequent

Organ Donor - 2701 Words

I want you to imagine watching a loved one†¦your grandparent, parent, spouse or significant other, even your own child, dying because one of their vital organs has quit working. Maybe because of a disease or an accident, maybe for a reason that cannot be explained, without any warning. The only chance of this person surviving is through an organ transplant, but there aren’t any available. By a show of hands, how many of you are organ donors? I. There are 11 body parts that can be successfully transplanted : A. Heart, heart valves, kidneys, pancreas, lungs, liver, intestines, skin, bone marrow, Connective tissue, corneas. B. CBS News recorded the first organ transplant that was†¦show more content†¦My neighbor fifteen year old son/Dan died of head injuries in car accident. His mom decided to donate his organs. His heart went to a fisherman; his kidneys went to a widow of army. The teenager gave life to other and his family feels a sense of satisfaction and comfort that other lives have been touch by him. B. Your biggest obstacle at this point is procrastination. The problem arises when you are thinking about becoming a donor but never do anything about it. Then, no one knows your wishes and your organs will not be donated. The consequences of this are more people waiting for organs and there will still be an incredible shortage of available organs. CONCLUSION: As you can easily see, donating your organs can be one of the most important decisions you ever make and also the greatest gift you could ever give. Organ Donation Persuasive Speech There is somewhat worthwhile regarding being a donor. Thinking on how a kid, someone’s mom, someone’s dad, or anybody in this world whose been pressed into terrible situation where in the matter of life and death, organs are able to be donated to a certain individual to continue their lives. All you need is a good organ donation persuasive speech. | Even though the majority of people are sympathetic regarding saving lives, when it approaches to organ donation, many people get worried. Some alarm that if you comprise a donor sticker on your ID, that on the moment you were to dig up into anShow MoreRelatedOrgan Donation : An Organ Donor1068 Words   |  5 Pagesshould become organ donors. Choosing to become an organ donor provides the opportunity to save up to eight lives and improve the quality of life for many others with tissue donation. An organ donor can also provide comfort to the grieving family: the loss of the loved one will be helping others to live. Becoming an organ donor is much easier than many think. The decision can literally be done in just minutes. Web MD states, an organ transplant is the surgical removal of a healthy organ from one personRead MoreOrgan Transplants Should Not Be An Organ Donor Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pageswaiting list for organ transplants feel every minute of every day. However, instead of waiting for a toy, they are waiting for something they literally cannot live without. I am a registered donor and know people who have had organ transplants. There is a continuously increasing need for organ donors, and it is easy to become an organ donor. Today, I hope to persuade you all to become registered donors by explaining the need for more donors, what you can donate, and how you can become a donor. (First,Read MoreCompensation for Live Organ Donors1974 Words   |  8 PagesCompensation for Live Organ Donors HU 280 – Bioethics February, 19, 2012 Compensation for Live Organ Donors Currently, there are over 100,000 people on the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) waiting list for organ transplantation (2012, Transplant Trends). Only 26, 246 transplantations occurred between January and November of 2011, (UNOS, 2012, Transplant Trends). There is a huge contrast in the number of people needing organs and the number of organs actually available for transplantationRead MoreWho Is An Organ Donor Right?853 Words   |  4 PagesDonating an organ, whether it is before or after dead, is seen by society as the right thing to do, but at what cost. Being asked to become an organ donor right before getting our license is almost always a yes. Death is one of the farthest things from our mind and when we are asked this question we would rather live life knowing our organs could be used to save someone’s life. But this simple checkmark or heart can sometimes be used against us; because there are so many people waiting for an organ, doctorsRead MoreOrgan Donor / Donation Organization779 Words   |  4 PagesCreative Title Topic: Organ Donor/Donation Organization: Topically Specific Purpose: Whatever the decision might be, the smart thing to do it to do some research. I. INTRODUCTION A. Attention getter: Did you know that as of 1988, according to the American Transplant Foundation, 597,166 transplants have occurred in the U.S.? B. Relevance: Organ donation, being controversial as it is, does not have enough information out into the public in order for the people to make a concise opinion/idea aboutRead MorePersuasive Speech : Organ Donor1480 Words   |  6 Pagesaudience of the importance of becoming an organ donor to save lives. 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Since the gap between organ donation and the need for organs continues to grow apart, something has to be done to reverse thisRead MoreThe Need for Organ Donors Essay995 Words   |  4 Pageslife-saving transplant in time, eighteen people will die because the organ transplant they need will not be possible. Today I will explain the need for organ donors, how you can become an organ donor, and finally, how ones decisions can and is affecting society. There is a need for organ donors. Having enough people die isn’t the problem, there are more than enough potential donors dying but deny the right for someone to use their organs. This isn’t a small problem, but an enormous problem. CurrentlyRead More Organ Donors Must Not be Paid Essay559 Words   |  3 PagesOrgan Donors Must Not be Paid   Ã‚  Ã‚   Today, medical operations save lives around the world, a feat that surely would surprise our ancestors. Many operations replace defective organs with new ones; for new organs to be ready to be implanted there need to be organ donors. We are not so advanced a society that we can grow replacement organs. Thousands of organ donors in the United States every year are seen as doing the most noble of deeds in modern civilization, and most of the time death has toRead MoreAddressing The Shortage Of Organ Donors981 Words   |  4 PagesAddressing the Shortage of Organ Donors. More than 110,000 people are on waiting lists for organs they may not ever get in time (mantel). This has caused an organ black market in which people are trading their or other individuals’ organs for illegal money. In case making criminals out of normal people. In 2009, the FBI arrested a Brooklyn rabbi for illegal organ trade, he was buying organs from overseas for a mere ten thousand dollars and selling here in the black market for upwards of one hundred

Financial Statements Registered Companies †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Financial Statements Registered Companies? Answer: Introducation The financial statements prepared by the company (BHP Billiton) is a statement which is consolidated statement and the same has been presented by the company as per the provisions and requirements of Corporation Act of 2001 and companies Act 2006 of UK as the company is also listed in UK as well. The financial statements of the company were prepared under the requirements and the relevant provisions of IFRS standards ad also relevant provisions of AASB standards as well(AnnualReport 2017). Accounting policies which were followed by the company in its presentation of the financial statement is as follows: The company has followed the going concern basis as it would be an ongoing business operation and the management does not see any liquidation possibilities in the near future. Items of financial mature has been measured on the basis of historical cost basis in general except the assets which has bene categorized as derivatives instruments by the managements. These derivatives assets are shown and recognized in the books at their respective fair value. Some of the long term (non-current assets) which are being held for sale are carried in the books or recognized in the financial statements at their fair values after making relevant adjustments to the expected costs of disposal. Revenue generated by the company is recognized following the books at the respective fair values of the consideration which is either receivables or received by the entity. The revenue generated is recognized in the books only when the company ascertains the fact that significant risks related to the ownership of the goods concerned have been passed to the buyers. Trade Receivables of the company is taken into recognition at their fair value and afterwards the same is considered at the amortized costs by using the method of effective interest methodology after accounting or impairment charges. Inventories concerned are taken into recognition under lower of the costs involved or the net realizable value. Costs of the inventory are determined under average cost basis using the absorption cost method. Property, plant and equipments of the company are taken into recognition after deducting the accumulated depreciation and impairment charges from the costs. costs of the PPE has been recorded at the fair value which has been paid for the acquisition of the PPE. The costs also include the expenses incurred on bringing the PPE into operational existence(Hall 2012). Depreciation is estimated by the company by considering the useful lives of the asset concerned and residual amounts if any etc. the useful lives of the assets have been identified to be reassessed from time to time. The PPE and non-current assets excluding Land is generally assessed under the SLM method and other assets such as Mineral rights and petroleum interests etc. are depreciated under applying the units of production method etc. The depreciation methods used are as follows: Assets Method Buildings and plants/Equipments SLM Mineral rights units of production method which is based on the rate at which depletion takes place. petroleum interests units of production method which is based on the rate at which depletion takes place. Capitalized exploration costs units of production method which is based on the rate at which depletion takes place. Evaluation and development expenditure units of production method which is based on the rate at which depletion takes place. While buildings are depreciated at SLM using a life term of 25-30 years , the same for plant and Equipment is depreciated suing a life term of 3-30 years of life period. Goodwill has been taken into recognition by the company in those cases where the fair values of the payments made for acquiring businesses and assets were found to be in excess of the identified fair value of the assets and liabilities taken over by the company. Goodwill of the company has not been amortized by the company in recent years and has been shown in the books at costs of the ascertained as stated above and after making suitable adjustments for impairment charges(AnnualReport 2017). Operating lease assets being in use are not generally capitalized by the company and the lease payments mad e by the company are taken into the books (income statements) as operating expenses. On the other hand, the financial leases are taken into recognition as long term assets as the same are capitalized by the company as PPE. The capitalized leased assets are shown in the books at their respective fair values concerned. The interest expenses related to the capitalized leases assets are shown in the books as operating expenses(Dyson 2007). When the companys management comes to a determination of value regarding the mineral reserves and associated items and the development of such reserves are actioned the costs related to the capitalized exploration and expenditures made on evaluation of these assets are recognized ( termed and reclassified) as PPE. After the initial assessment all further expenses related to their development are classified as PPE(Cottrell 2012). Accounting policies followed by the company and Estimates used- Are they flexible? Yes. the accounting policies followed by the BHP Billiton company are quite flexible as the company mandates to change the estimates asper the Changing needs. For example, the deprecation follows the estimates of remaining life which is evaluated each year. Similarly, fair value of assets are evaluated frequently. Impairment of assets are also carried out under a frequent evaluation policy of the management and the same can be carried out more than once if the situation demands the same. Accounting policies followed by the company and Estimates used are these followed by competitor firms. Yes. the same accounting policies and estimates are mostly followed by competing firms such as RIO TINTO and others. Comparison of accounting policies and estimates which are used by the entity and its competitor firms (one of the competitors). BHP Billiton RIO TINTO Depreciation Measurement SLM method and Unit of production method. SLM method and Unit of production method. Impairments Evaluated annually and if necessary evaluations are undertaken as per requirements. Evaluated annually and if necessary evaluations are undertaken as per requirements. Fair value measurement Trade Receivables, financial leases and financial assets are recognized using Fair value. Trade Receivables, financial leases and financial assets are recognized using Fair value. Do you agree with the policies and estimates used by the entity? The policies and estimates used by the BHP Billiton management are as per the regulatory principles and guidelines issued by corporations Act 2001, AASB standards and ASX guidelines. Is accounting strategy adopted by the entity hiding or is it revealing in nature? Most of the accounting items have been presented in manner which can be termed as revealing. However, the fair value measurement could have bene more revelatory. However, the general feeling is that the company has made as much as possible the revelations for general understanding(Roy 2015). For example, the company has revealed impairment charges included in he financial statements in detail for the last year. The same is presented as follows: The general accounting policies which are adopted by the BHP Billiton management have been applied by the group entities to maintain consistency in periodical reporting and changes to the methods have not been considered in the latest reports presented. The companys management has taken decisions to adopt all those regulatory changes and implement all the changes in the AASB standards and IFRS issues which were required to be made mandatory as of 1st July 2015. However, the companys management has decided not to implement those standards which have bene issued but which were still not made effective before the issue of the latest financial statements(Picker 2015). Preparation of an investigative report based on the Managements Accounting Strategy Reporting Strategy. To make the reporting clearer as to how different streams of the company are performing the company has included a segment based reporting. The segment based reports includes the revenue for these segments and Underlying EBITDA, EBIT and Depreciation and amortization etc which were considered during the last year. The segment reports also include the capital expenditures made during the last year and assets and liabilities of each segment has bene clearly demarcated. The company has reported the revenue and EBIDTA based on segments like petroleum ,copper ,Iron Ore ,coal ,Unallocated group (potash and nickel waste etc.) and Total Group Revenue. The segment reports have also reported the inter segment revenues which were adjusted in the final analysis. The segment reports further classified revenue and expenses based on their location wise operations. Revenue for the groups identified segments are reported and recognized following the books at the respective fair values of the consider ation which is either receivables or received by the entity. The revenue generated is recognized in the books only when the company ascertains the fact that significant risks related to the ownership of the goods concerned have been passed to the buyers(Deegan 2015). The financial report also included in detail an exceptional item which resulted in considerable amount of losses ($2450 million) on account of a failure of dam built in Brazil known as Samarco dam. The companys subsidiary in Brazil has gone on to adjust the Samarco investment to zero which results in a loss of US$ 655 million on account of loss of equity and impairment costs of $525 million. The subsidiary also reserved a US$ 1200 million because potential obligation which are expected to arise from the failure of the dam(Hoggett 2011). The adjustment made for the last three years are shown in the folloing figure: All these points towards the managements strategy of reporting the operational details in clearer terms and let the stakeholders and users of the financial statements be informed. All this points towards a fair approach towards reporting of accounting matters ad tells a lot about open reporting strategy which would result in more trust among the shareholders of the company. Assess Accounting Flexibility The accounting policies are well demarcated by the managerial policies and the same does not leave the accountants to have enough flexibility in using the same for reporting. However the accountants of the company does not have the leeway to change the accounting and reporting policies without managerial and Boards consent on their own. The accountant does not enjoy leeway and does not have a very high degree of flexibility in reporting items of important nature. Consolidation of the operations and financial statements are also done under relevant control environment and the audit committee ensures that there is enough internal control procedures in place to check the accounting transactions being reported for presentation to external users(Wyatt 2003). For example, the valuation and estimation of the fair value of assets and derivative instruments would require the final approval of the Executive Leadership Team. The Fair value measurements are done. The fair value estimations are based on the standard valuation techniques prescribed and uses the market inputs along with dealer quotes in case of similar assets found in the market. Thus it can be concluded that the accountants are free to work within a set boundary which ensures the checks are in place of all kinds of possible personal biases and errors and willful misconduct(Wood 2005). Evaluate Accounting Strategy Flexibility do exist in reporting by accountants of BHP Billiton and for that purpose accountants for most of the competing firms in the sectors because of the nature of business operations. However, that would not allow the reporting to get distorted if all the issues are protected by accounting control (internal control mechanisms followed. The industry peers seem to be following similar measurement criteria which is exhibited by RIO Tinto financial statements observed. The fair value measures are well documented and several write downs by RIO TINTO is presented with facts. For example, the RIO Tinto books show an impairment charge of US$1,655 million related to intangible assets and another US$ 194 million related to PPE were recognized for the Simandou project. The details are comparable to disclosures made by BHP. The managers of the BHP Billiton were fully aware of the losses made by the company amounting to $6.4 billion in 2016 as compared to a $1.9 billion profit in the previous year. The immediate concern was taking a decision regarding the possibility of understanding the BHP business as a going concern and after ascertaining the ability of the firm to undertake business as a going concern the financial statements were prepared. The CEO remuneration is fixed at a base salary plus pension benefits (25% of base salary maximum) plus performance related benefits which would not exceed 240% of the base salary. Of the performance benefits half are paid in cash and the other half is paid in the form of deferred equities(AnnualReport 2017). At the end of each financial year the CEO and other managerial performance and concerned remuneration is measured against established standards. The same activity is undertaken by the committee of remuneration and the Board of directors. If the performance of the managerial personnel are found to be lower than the prescribed threshold level no performance bonusses are paid. In this assessment the committee of remuneration is further assisted by the sustainability committee and it is believed that even if the managers have a reason to establish higher profits for getting performance bonuses the company and its board of directors have enough checks in place to assess the financial performance and control such behavior(Weirich 2013). The CEO pay for the last three years have been shown in the figure below: No short term or long term incentives were accorded to the CEO in 2016 as the performance of the BHP Billiton firms is below expectations. in 2017 the CEO compensation would remain the same and the company has not decided to increase either base salary nor the % of incentives. Evaluate the Quality of Disclosure Disclosures made by the companys in the financial statements are seemingly adequate. Revenue generated, expenses incurred have been accounted for in a desired manner and enough details are disseminated through the notes accompanying the financial statements. Disclosures are made in detail related to revenue recognition in the books by segment and by total, measurement of trade receivables, PPE, accounts payables, determination of depreciation and amortization, Impairment of goodwill and other intangibles. Expenses incurred by the company in the last few years are also shown in detail including individual components. For example, the Employee benefits expenses are further sib-divided into wages and salaries paid for the last three years, social security benefits paid, shares awarded to employee pension benefits disbursed etc. other details includes expenses including lease rents, Raw materials and consumables used, royalties paid to the state and federal governments and freights and service commissions paid as well(AnnualReport 2017). The segment based reports includes the revenue for these segments and Underlying EBITDA, EBIT and Depreciation and amortization etc. which were considered during the last year. The segment reports also include the capital expenditures made during the last year and assets and liabilities of each segment has bene clearly demarcated. The company has reported the revenue and EBIDTA based on segments like petroleum, copper , Iron Ore ,coal ,Unallocated group (potash and nickel waste etc.) and Total Group Revenue. Segment based reports are enough to understand how the same is generated and the segment reports also includes a report of the generation of revenue based on presence of the companys operations based on various geographies. The financial reports and accompanying reports also mentioned some of the non-IFRS based measurements used by the company to measure financial performance in recent years such as Underlying EBIDA. Overall the quality of the disclosure is good for the BHP Billiton company. However individual components used by the company for making fair value assessment are missing in some cases and clear comparison notes are not provided. Identify Potential Red Flags The BHP Billiton company has written off large amounts owing to a dam failure in Brazil which it was alleged that occurred because of the company shirking its responsibility as far as corporate social responsibility is concerned. The samarco dam failure happened because of possible design failure and BHP Billiton wrote off more than $2450 million in assets costs write offs and losses which would probably arise because of damages in class action suit. The companys subsidiary in Brazil has gone on to adjust the Samarco investment to zero which results in a loss od US$ 655 million on account of loss of equity and impairment costs of $525 million. The subsidiary also reserved a US$ 1200 million on account of potential obligation which are expected to arise from the failure of the dam(Bline Fischer 2014). The asset write offs because of this and losses are well explained with adequate footnotes and valuation done is explained with the help of notes. There has been a large amount of increase/decline in the value of the PPE, Trade receivables and cash and cash equivalents along with inventory in the books but the same has been well explained as to why the valuation have changed drastically. For example, the cash assets have changed from $ 6,753million in 2015 to $10,319 million in 2016. The same has been well expanded in the form of notes no 19. So, there is no real red flag as such in the financial reporting and everything is well covered by the related disclosures(Atrill Eddie 2012). Compliance with the Conceptual Framework Conceptual frameworkif often described as a theoretical development which has been prepared by the standard setting entity like AASB and IASB to make sure the real world issues and problems can be tested against the same for validity(Roy 2015). Conceptual framework is a theoretical framework which defines the objectives that are needed to be fulfilled by the financial statements prepared and presented by the corporate entities under AASB and ASIC and the framework helps in the interpretation of the standards put forwarded by AASB and IASB. With the application of the CF the financial statements are expected to be prepared in such a way that they would be able to fulfill the qualitative requirements thats needed in a financial report. These qualitative requirements make sure the facts and the data reported remains verifiable by the users and thus able to disseminate the relevant data on the basis of which the users including the stockholders would be able to take the right kind of decision regarding their investments(Sterling 2012). The BHP Billiton company has adhered to the conceptual framework and presented in a manner which makes it possible for the users to get information for the purpose of investing and related decision taking. It shall be noted that if the conceptual framework is not followed- the same would make it difficult in an uniform manner. A different set of regulation would be followed by different companies making comparison impossible for users and stockholders. As a result, the decisions regarding investing in a particular company like that of BHP Billion would be not as informative as it is now(Weygandt 2014). As a common set of rules are present in the form of a conceptual framework the same lets the preparers of the statements understand the simple thing that the accounting practices are based on the same set of ideology for all corporates to follow and that would make it possible for the users to have an objective look at the annual reports of corporate entities fully knowing they have been prepared under similar guidelines(Whittington 2008). The presence of the conceptual framework gives guidelines for transactions which are unusual in nature and which has occurred for the first time. Also the conceptual framework can be used to gauge the effectiveness of the accounting standards and their applicability in a changing world(Christensen Nicolaev 2011). For example, the adherence to the conceptual framework has been explained through the followings: Revenue measurements are done as per reporting guidelines and following the due procedure. For example, the revenue is reported by considering the respective fair values of the consideration which is either receivables or received by the entity. The revenue generated is recognized in the books only when the company ascertains the fact that significant risks related to the ownership of the goods concerned have been passed to the buyers(Barker Schulte 2017). Trade Receivables of the company is taken into recognition at their fair value and afterwards the same is considered at the amortized costs by using the method of effective interest methodology after accounting or impairment charges. The veracity of the information which are contained in the financial statements can be verified with reliability and all the detailed information are available (with regard to revenue, expenses, valuations, remuneration paid, assets disposed of and acquired) in the financial reports and notes accompanying as well(BAKER CORTRELL 2011). 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